Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Our main target is small, medium and large-scale organic poultry producers, but we will also focus our efforts to reach educators such as extension poultry specialists, extension agents, federal and state personnel, and nonprofit organizations that assist organic poultry producers and processors. Changes/Problems:We had to alter the way we prepared the Carp Fishmeal as the rendering process is odorous and has caused many of the small business producers to shut down or move. To honor the commitments of our grant we used extrusion technology which showed promising results. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training for postdoctoral fellows and graduate students associated with project. Our Co-PI Dr. Anne Fanatico from Appalachian State University, gave a talk at "Innovaciones sobre Educación en Agricultura Sustentable en los Estados Unidos." Oct 13, 2016, COLPOS Campeche Campus, Campeche, Mexico. Our Co-PI Dr. Ondieki Gekara presented a part of our research at "Backyard Poultry Production" an urban agricultural workshop held in Los Angeles County California, Aug 11, 2017. Co-PI, Dr. Fanatico gave a guest lecture on Sustainable Livestock Production, Mar. 22, 2018 Dr. Anne Fanatico gave a talk on "Free-Range Poultry Production in Mexico" at the Appalachian Global Symposium, Nov 15, 2017. Dr. Annie Donoghue gave a talk on "The triathlon for success: Integrating research, outreach, and stakeholders to support poultry producers" at the National Out Reach Workshop: The Future of Agriculture-Serving Audiences of all sizes through Integration of Research and Outreach, Poultry Science Association Conference San Antonio, Texas (July 2018). Dr. Anne Fanatico participated in the Panel, National Outreach Workshop at the Annual Poultry Science Association Conference San Antonio, Texas (July, 2018). Dr. Fanatico gave a presentation with two colleagues on 'Community Garden Development for Research, Teaching and Outreach'. This campus-wide talk was given on April 17, 2019 and it was attended by 21 students. We conducted annual review meetings (during the PSA annual conference) involving the Co-PIs and collaborators to review the project productivity, update findings and discussed the plan for outreach activities for the next reporting period. We have participated in the Joint Annual Meeting of American & Canadian Societies of Animal Science held in Austin, Texas (2019) and Poultry Science Association (PSA) annual conference (2015-2019) and few other national and international conferences. These meetings provided an excellent educational and networking opportunities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?During this project we have participated at multiple meetings to present our project to producers and interested stakeholders. A review article has been published in the Journal of Applied Poultry Research, disseminating the potential of using fishmeal in organic poultry production to reach the scientific community. (Fanatico et al., 2018) Information about sustainable sources of methionine including the potential use of Asian carp meal and other possible alternatives were disseminated to poultry producers through direct email contacts and at regional meetings where organic poultry producers and leaders gather. Our collaborator at University of Kentucky, Dr. Jacqueline Jacob participated in various webinars discussing our project: Raising ducks for egg production (September 15, 2016) Safe handling of eggs from small and backyard flocks (October 11, 2016) Understanding and meeting your market: Conducting a local customer survey (November 3, 2016) Poultry medications - new rules affecting small and backyard flocks (December 12, 2016) Setting culling standards for small and backyard flocks (December 13, 2016) Avian genetics: Introduction to poultry breeding (January 12, 2017) Predator control for small and backyard poultry flocks (February 7, 2017) Animal welfare considerations for backyard poultry flocks (March 30, 2017) Dr. Fanatico integrated work on the Organic Transition grant with the Appalachian State research on Black Solder Fly (BSF) production, another potential natural source of methionine in poultry diets. She gave a webinar on 'Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Ecological Poultry Feed: On-Farm Production' on March 22, 2019, hosted by the Small and Backyard Flock Community of Practice on eXtension. Co-PI, Margo Hale created a blog post with information and recorded a podcast with Dr. Fanatico about the results of the project. This page (https://www.ncat.org/alternative-poultry-feeds/) received 111 Unique Views since 7/3/19 and the podcast received 1894 listens/downloads. The details of the podcast can be found at https://attra.ncat.org/alternative-feed-for-poultry/. The NCAT Southeast Facebook page had a post promoting this blog and podcast. That post reached 767 people and had 214 engagements. Outreach articles for eXtension and eOrganic on this project are under internal review. Both have a very high readership in the agricultural community especially among organic farmers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our work associated with this award is complete. We will finalize manuscripts and utilize these findings to enhance and continue our efforts to address the issues concerning organic poultry producers. We will continue our outreach efforts by sharing the educational materials produced during the period of this grant with other research and extension groups at the scientific meetings to expand the outreach effort of this project. We continue to develop eOrganic webinars and articles. After the life of this award we will continue to use the research results to conduct farmer workshops and provide educational information to organic poultry producers. There is the potential for a small business to utilize the results of this work to develop a Big headed carp meal product as a source of methionine for organic poultry producers.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Study 1: Bigheaded carp-based meal as a sustainable and natural source of methionine in feed for ecological and organic poultry production Our initial strategy was to use rendered fish meal from Bigheaded Carp for our studies. However, since initiation of our project the sources of this product has been delayed. As a rendered product causes noxious odors, we rethought the use of this method of fishmeal production and devised a novel dry extrusion method instead. Although this is a completely new process for producing fishmeal, small extruders are becoming affordable and will limit the odor/short shelf life associated with rendering. Small batches of Bigheaded Carp fishmeal were made using Insta Pro Jr. (600) with new collaborators at the Texas A&M University. Dry extrusion of Bigheaded carp was carried out by mixing the fish with soybean meal (SBM) in a 1:1 proportion to reduce high moisture in the starting material. A natural stabilizer, Naturox, was added to help preserve the meal and extend shelf life to approx. 6 months. Proximate analysis, amino acid composition, digestible amino acids and true metabolizable energy (TMEn) for the extruded carp-based meal (CBM) were determined. To study the digestible amino acids and TMEn of the extruded product, a colony of adult roosters were fasted and tube fed AC fish meal. The gross energy and protein content of the feces from CBM were determined to calculate the digestibility of amino acids and TMEn for feed formulation. Diets with CBM were formulated and fed to broilers (two treatments, CBM or Control diet with synthetic methionine; 8 replicates/treatment; n=30 birds/replicate) from day 1 to 42 days of age. The starter and grower diets formulated with CBM showed the potential to supplement the required methionine content for organic poultry production. When tested in broiler production, the carpmeal diets were very effective in maintaining the body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio comparable to commercial starter and grower diets. Results revealed that carpmeal is an efficient source of protein and amino acids, especially methionine, that can potentially supplement natural methionine to eliminate the use of synthetic form in organic poultry production. These studies were completed and the manuscript was published in the Journal of Applied Poultry Research. Study 2: Supplementing Bigheaded Carp-based fishmeal as a natural methionine source and its effect on broiler meat quality characteristics. In this study, we compared the meat and carcass qualities of control birds with commercial diet and birds fed on extruded carp meal. Carcass analysis revealed that birds maintained on carp meal diet did not differ in live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, ready-to-cook yield, wing yield, tenders and thigh yields. No significant difference in meat color, cook loss and texture were observed between treatments. Sensory analysis of breast and thigh meat revealed no differences in overall impression and purchase intent between thigh meat treatments. However, a lower purchase intent for the breast from birds fed with carp meal was observed. The results suggest that carp meal has the potential of replacing synthetic methionine in commercial poultry diet with limited impact on post-harvest meat quality. These studies were completed and a manuscript will be submitted to the Journal of Applied Poultry Research after internal review. Study 3: Investigating the effect of Asian carp meal on gut health of poultry via comprehensive microbiome and metaproteomic profiling of poultry gut contents In this study, we investigated the effect of incorporation of fish meal in broiler diet on gut microbiome and metaproteome. In addition, we hope to identify major bacterial species dominating in the cecal microbiota based on total spectra counts and to correlate it with the relative abundance of bacterial species observed with 16s rRNA sequencing from Illumina Mi-seq. We have completed processing the samples and we are analyzing the data using Scaffold software version 4.2. The cecal contents were also collected from the birds fed with or without fish meal and the samples were used for protein extraction followed by gel electrophoresis. The protein samples were processed further for in-gel tryptic digestion followed by determination of protein sequences using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. We expected to identify the pool of major proteins in the gut microbial community and expected to determine a deviation in the functional gut community when birds were fed with fish meal. We have completed processing the samples and the raw data is available. Currently we are analyzing the microbiome and metaproteomics data and the obtained data will be incorporated in a manuscript for submission to the journal Poultry Science. Study 4: An on-farm study to evaluate the egg quality and production parameters using the Bigheaded carp based meal compared to a synthetic methionine product fed layer birds. An on-farm study was conducted where Rhode Island Red birds aged between 60-65 weeks were divided into two treatment groups, control layers fed with commercial ration and treatment group fed with fishmeal ration. Eggs were collected for 3 weeks from the two groups and evaluated for egg quality parameters including egg weight, shell thickness, yolk color and fatty acid analysis. Furthermore, the eggs were also subjected to sensory analysis. These studies have been completed and the manuscript is under preparation for submission to Journal of Applied Poultry Research.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. Upadhyay, A. J. Davis, D. J. Donoghue. Dry-extrusion of Asian Carp to Supplement Natural Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. TICEAS 2018, The International Conference on Engineering and Applied Sciences. Bangkok, Thailand. February 22-24, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. Upadhyay, A. J. Davis, D. J. Donoghue. Dry-extrusion of Asian Carp, a Sustainable Source of Natural Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. 20th International Conference on Sustainable Livestock Production Systems. (ICSLPS 2018). Phuket, Thailand. March 22- 23, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, B. R. Wagle, S. Shrestha, A. Upadhyay, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, J. Trushenski, C. M. Hanning, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. J. Davis, A. C. Fanatico and D. J. Donoghue. Dry-extrusion of Asian Carp to Supplement Natural Methionine in Organic Poultry Production. Poult. Sci. 97(E-Suppl. 1). San Antonio, Texas. July 2326, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Donoghue, A. M., The triathlon for success: Integrating research, outreach, and stakeholders to support poultry producers. PSA 2018. Poult. Sci. 97(E-Suppl. 1). San Antonio, Texas. July 2326, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, A. Upadhyay and D. J. Donoghue. 2018. Evaluating the Potential of Dry Extruded Meal from Asian Carp, an Invasive Fish species, as a Natural and Sustainable Source of Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. 6th International Conference on Sustainable Development. Rome, Italy. September 12 13, 2018.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Fanatico, A. C., K. Arsi, I. Upadhyaya, J. Morales Ramos, D. Donoghue, and A. M. Donoghue. 2018. Sustainable Fish and Invertebrate Meals for Methionine and Protein Feeds in Organic Poultry Production, The Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 27(4):437-448.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Arsi, K., A. M. Donoghue and D. J. Donoghue. 2019. Invasive Asian Carp Fish species, a Natural and Sustainable Source of Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. 21st International Conference on Poultry Diseases and Nutritional Strategies (ICPDNS 2019). January 17-18, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Fanatico, A.C. 2019. Black Soldier Fly Production for Ecological Poultry Feed: On-Farm Production. eXtension https://learn.extension.org/events/3629. Mar. 22, 2019.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Fanatico, A.C., J. Ferrell, and S. Blume. 2019. Community Garden Development for Teaching, Research, and Outreach. Apr. 17, 2019. Appalachian State University, Boone, NC.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Fanatico, A.C. Alternative Feeds for Poultry. Podcast for National Center for Appropriate Technology. https://attra.ncat.org/alternative-feed-for-poultry/ Jun 26, 2019.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Fanatico, A.C. 2019. Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Ecological Poultry Feed: On-Farm Production. July 1518, Montr�al, Canada, Poult. Sci. 98(E-Suppl. 1).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, B. Wagle, S. Shrestha, A. Upadhyay, D. J. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, C. Owens-Hanning, B. Mallman, J. Caldas-Cueva, A. Fanatico, and A. M. Donoghue. 2019. Bigheaded Carp-based fishmeal as a potential methionine source for organic poultry: Effect on meat quality characteristics in market age broilers. July 1518, Montr�al, Canada, Poult. Sci. 98(E-Suppl. 1).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, A. Fanatico, B. R. Wagle, S. Shrestha, A. Upadhyay, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, J. Trushenski, C. Owens-Hanning, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, D. J. Donoghue and A. M. Donoghue. 2019. Bigheaded Carp-based Meal as a Protein Feed in Ecological and Organic Poultry Production. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 28(4)1131-1142. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz077.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, B. Wagle, S. Shrestha, A. Upadhyay, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, C. Owens-Hanning, B. Mallman, J. Caldas-Cueva, J. Trushenski, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. J. Davis, A. Fanatico, D. J. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue. Effect of Bigheaded Carp-based meal as a natural methionine source on broiler meat quality characteristics. Under internal review for submission to Journal of Applied Poultry Research.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Upadhyaya, I., B. Wagle, S. Shrestha, K. Arsi, A. Upadhyay, D. J. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, T. Spencer, C. Owens-Hanning, M. Acharya, B. Mallman, J. Trushenski, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. M. Donoghue. Bigheaded Carp-based fishmeal to Supplement Natural Methionine in Organic Layer Production. Manuscript under preparation for submission to Journal of Applied Poultry research.
|
Progress 09/01/17 to 08/31/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Our main target is small, medium and large-scale organic poultry producers, but we will also focus our efforts to reach educators such as extension poultry specialists, extension agents, federal and state personnel, and nonprofit organizations that assist organic poultry producers and processors. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Anne Fanatico gave a talk on "Free-Range Poultry Production in Mexico"at the Appalachian Global Symposium, Nov 15, 2017. Co-PI, Dr. Fanatico gave guest lectures on: Composting in the garden with food scraps, worms, and grubs, Nov. 9, 2017 Composting in the garden with food scraps, worms, and grubs, Apr. 5, 2018 Sustainable Livestock Production, Mar. 22, 2018 Dr. Annie Donoghue gave a talk on "The triathlon for success: Integrating research, outreach, and stakeholders to support poultry producers" at the National OutReach Workshop: The Future of Agriculture-Serving Audiences of all sizes through Integration of Research and Outreach, Poultry Science Association Conference San Antonio, Texas. Dr. Anne Fanatico participated in the Panel, National Outreach Workshop at the Annual Poultry Science Association Conference San Antonio, Texas. We conducted an annual meeting (July, 2018 during the PSA annual conference, San Antonio, Texas) involving the Co-PIs and collaborators to review the project productivity, update findings and discussed the future plan for outreach activities How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A review article has been published in the Journal of Applied Poultry Research, disseminating the potential of using fishmeal in organic poultry production to reach the scientific community. (Fanatico et al., 2018) Outreach articles for eXtension and eOrganic on this project are under internal review. Both have a very high readership in the agricultural community especially among organic farmers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? A webinar on "Ecological and sustainable poultry protein feeds with Backyard and Small Commercial Poultry" has been planned for the year 2019. Complete studies evaluating the effect of fishmeal on gut health of birds. Publish the manuscript from the layer study conducted on-farm and present findings at scientific meetings. Publish manuscript from layer study and present data at scientific findings. The results of the project and information on organic poultry production in general, will be disseminated to the organic and sustainable agriculture communities by an extension team comprised of experienced poultry specialists and stakeholders who have been involved in organic poultry production. Disseminate results of the project to the organic poultry community, through different methods.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Evaluate organically suitable preservatives for Asian Carp derived fishmeal utilizing tocopherol compounds and development of broiler ration formulations that optimize methionine levels: Due to the challenges faced with production of Asian carp fishmeal, a novel dry extrusion product with Asian carp was developed. The carpmeal was analyzed for its nutrient content including proximate and fatty acid composition and oxidative stability. We tested the dry extruded carp meal for its amino acid digestibility and total metabolizable energy (TMEn) in cecectomized roosters. Based on the TME and digestibility of amino acid value, the diets were formulated such that an optimal ration can be used for broiler production. This study was completed and a manuscript is under internal review for submission to the Poultry Science journal. Objective 2: Evaluate growth parameters, feed efficiency and meat quality using an Asian carp (AC) derived fish meal compared to the synthetic methionine product fed to meat birds. Study 1: Evaluating growth parameters and feed efficiency of novel fish meal Diets with AC fish meal were formulated and fed to broilers (two treatments, AC fish meal or Control diet with synthetic methionine; 8 replicates/treatment; n=30 birds/replicate) from day 1 to 42 days of age. The starter and grower diets formulated with carpmeal showed the potential to supplement the required methionine content for organic poultry production. When tested in broiler production, the carpmeal diets were very effective in maintaining the body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio comparable to commercial starter and grower diets. Results revealed that carpmeal is an efficient source of protein and amino acids, especially methionine, that can potentially supplement natural methionine to eliminate the use of synthetic form in organic poultry production. These studies were completed and the manuscript is under internal review for submission to the Poultry Science journal. Study 2: Post-harvest determinations of meat quality and carcass characteristics of birds fed with carp meal diet in comparison to birds fed with conventional broiler diet In this study, we compared the meat and carcass qualities of control birds with commercial diet and birds fed on extruded Asian carp fishmeal to assess the effect of the carpmeal on flavor and consumer perception of broiler meat. In addition, sensory analysis of breast and thigh meat was also carried out. These studies were completed and the manuscript is under internal review for publication. Study 3: Effect of carpmeal diets on gut health in market age broiler chickens This study investigates the effect of fishmeal diet on the gut health of broilers. Cecal samples from control birds on commercial diet and birds fed on fishmeal diet were collected at 42 days of age. These samples are currently being analyzed to detect any potential shift in microbiome. Moreover, the cecal metaproteome is also being analyzed to establish further effect of fishmeal on gut health. Objective 3. Evaluate egg quality and production parameters using an Asian carp derived fish meal compared to the synthetic methionine product fed layer birds. Study 1: An on-farm study was conducted where Rhode Island Red hens aged between 60-65 weeks were divided into two treatment groups, control layers fed with commercial ration and treatment group fed with fishmeal ration. Eggs were collected for 3 weeks from the two groups and evaluated for egg quality parameters including egg weight, shell thickness, yolk color and fatty acid analysis. Furthermore, the eggs were also subjected to sensory analysis. These studies have been completed and the manuscript is under preparation for submission to Journal of Applied Research.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
I. Upadhyaya, K. Arsi, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. Upadhyay, A. J. Davis, D. J. Donoghue. Dry-extrusion of Asian Carp, a Sustainable Source of Natural Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. 20th International Conference on Sustainable Livestock Production Systems. (ICSLPS 2018). Phuket, Thailand. March 22-23, 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
I. Upadhyaya, K. Arsi, B. R. Wagle, S. Shrestha, A. Upadhyay, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, J. Trushenski, C. M. Hanning, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. J. Davis, A. C. Fanatico and D. J. Donoghue. Dry-extrusion of Asian Carp to Supplement Natural Methionine in Organic Poultry Production. Poult. Sci. 97(E-Suppl. 1). San Antonio, Texas. July 2326, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
I. Upadhyaya, K. Arsi, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, M. Schlumbohm, M. N. Riaz, M. B. Farnell, A. Upadhyay, A. J. Davis, D. J. Donoghue. Dry-extrusion of Asian Carp to Supplement Natural Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. TICEAS 2018, The International Conference on Engineering and Applied Sciences. Bangkok, Thailand. February 22-24, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
A. Donoghue. The triathlon for success: Integrating research, outreach, and stakeholders to support poultry producers. PSA 2018. Poult. Sci. 97(E-Suppl. 1). San Antonio, Texas. July 2326, 2018.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Fanatico, A.C., K. Arsi, I. Upadhyaya, J. Morales Ramos, D. Donoghue, A.M. Donoghue. 2018. Sustainable Fish and Invertebrate Meals for Methionine and Protein Feeds in Organic Poultry Production. J. Appl. Poul. Res. DOI 10.3382/japr/pfy037.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
I. Upadhyaya, K. Arsi, A. M. Donoghue, C. N. Coon, A. Upadhyay and D. J. Donoghue. 2018. Evaluating the Potential of Dry Extruded Meal from Asian Carp, an Invasive Fish species, as a Natural and Sustainable Source of Methionine for Organic Poultry Production. 6th International Conference on Sustainable Development. Rome, Italy. September 12 13, 2018.
|
Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Organic poultry farmers and poultry producers interested in transitioning to organic production. Extension and research scientists working on strategies to improve nutrition in organic poultry. Changes/Problems:See comments under Accomplishments section. We had to alter the way we prepared the Asian Carp Fishmeal as the rendering process is odorous and has caused many of the small business producers to shut down or move. To honor the commitments of our grant we are utilizing extrusion technology which appears promising. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training for postdoctoral fellows (3) and graduate students (4) associated with project. Members of the project are experimenting with new technology associated with dry extrusion processes. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We are preparing outreach articles for eXtension and eOrganic on this project. Both have a very high readership in the agricultural community especially among organic farmers. Information about sustainable sources of methionine including the potential use of Asian carp meal and other possible alternatives were disseminated to poultry producers through direct email contacts and at regional meetings where organic poultry producers and leaders gather. Our Co-PI Dr. Anne Fanatico from Appalachian State University, gave a talk on using organic waste management as protein supplement in poultry production at "Innovaciones sobre Educación en Agricultura Sustentable en los Estados Unidos." Oct 13, 2016, COLPOS Campeche Campus, Campeche, Mexico. Our Co-PI Dr. Ondieki Gekara presented a part of our research at "Backyard Poultry Production" an urban agricultural workshop held in Los Angeles County California, Aug 11, 2017. Our collaborator at University of Kentucky, Dr. Jacqueline Jacob participated in various webinars discussing our project: · Animal welfare considerations for backyard poultry flocks (March 30, 2017) · Predator control for small and backyard poultry flocks (February 7, 2017) · Avian genetics: Introduction to poultry breeding (January 12, 2017) · Setting culling standards for small and backyard flocks (December 13, 2016) · Poultry medications - new rules affecting small and backyard flocks (December 12, 2016) · Understanding and meeting your market: Conducting a local customer survey (November 3, 2016) · Safe handling of eggs from small and backyard flocks (October 11, 2016) · Raising ducks for egg production (September 15, 2016) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Complete studies evaluating the growth parameters, feed efficiency and meat quality using an Asian carp derived fish meal compared to the synthetic methionine product fed to meat birds. Present findings at scientific meetings. On farm testing of effectiveness of treatments in organic poultry production systems. Prepare manuscripts and present findings at scientific meetings. The results of the project and information on organic poultry production in general, will be disseminated to the organic and sustainable agriculture communities by an extension team comprised of experienced poultry specialists and stakeholders who have been involved in organic poultry production. Disseminate results of the project to the organic poultry community, through different methods.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Our initial strategy was to use rendered fish meal from Asian Carp for our studies. However, since initiation of our project the sources of this product has been delayed. As a rendered product causes noxious odors, we rethought the use of this method of fishmeal production and devised a novel dry extrusion method instead. Although this is a completely new process for producing fishmeal, small extruders are becoming affordable and will limit the odor/short shelf life associated with rendering. Small batches of Asian Carp fishmeal were made using Insta Pro Jr. (600) with new collaborators at the Texas A&M University. Since the carp is a large fish, it was ground to a small size for dry extrusion. The extruder used friction and pressure to reach a high temperature (100 C) for cooking. Carp is high in moisture (70%) and was therefore mixed 50:50 with a dry ingredient (soybean meal) in order to reduce moisture content to 35%. The Asian Carp fishmeal was further dried to 10% moisture to reduce microbial growth and form a product to replace soybean meal. This change in strategy has delayed our live bird feeding trials, however if successful we believe this will be an efficient and practical application for fishmeal production and will increase the potential for utilization of the fishmeal product. Objective 1: Evaluate organically suitable preservatives for Asian Carp derived fishmeal utilizing tocopherol compounds and development of broiler ration formulations that optimize methionine levels: Study 1: Test the oxidative stability of a natural, alternate preservative: Naturox, an antioxidant blend of natural ingredients including vegetable oil, tocopherols, lecithin, and rosemary extract was tested with the Asian Carp fishmeal. It was added at 2% during manufacture of Asian Carp fishmeal for preservation and to extend shelf life to 6 months. Tests were conducted for moisture, protein, ash and lipid content. In addition, oxidative stability was tested for 6 months of storage. Results of the shelf life experiment indicated that the antioxidant stabilizer was effective in protecting significant oxidative damage for up to four months when Asian carp meal was stored at room temperature. A manuscript discussing this study is currently under preparation. Study 2: Determine the digestible amino acids and total metabolizable energy (TMEn) for Asian Carp Fishmeal: The Asian Carp fishmeal was analyzed for its digestible amino acid content and TMEn. Briefly, a colony of cecectomized Bovans White Roosters was used. Adult roosters (48 weeks of age) were fasted for 30 h and tube fed 35 grams of 3 treatments: (1) extruded Asian Carp fishmeal, (2) soybean meal and (3) corn. Excreta from each individual bird was collected for the next 48 h. An additional 10 un-fed roosters served as endogenous controls. The gross energy and protein content of the feces from the treatments were determined to calculate the TMEn. Fecal samples and treatment feeds were analyzed for amino acid content and percent digestible amino acid. Results from the analysis suggested that addition of Asian carp increased the methionine content of SBM from 0.63 to 0.83%. Also, the digestibility of amino acid and the TMEn values were greater for the AC meal with SBM than SBM alone. A manuscript discussing this study is currently under preparation. An abstract was submitted to present this study at the 20th International Conference on Sustainable Livestock Production Systems; Phuket, Thailand. Study 3: Develop rations with nutrient profiles suitable for organic poultry production: We developed 24 starter and grower diets using Asian Carp fishmeal using BRILL 2.0 Software for optimum nutritional formulation. A series of diets were formulated using Cobb 500 nutritional specifications with acceptable protein and energy requirements and minimum concentrations of essential amino acids per 1000 kcal AMEn. We were able to develop a balanced Starter and Grower diet for the birds using Asian Carp fishmeal. Currently a study evaluating the growth parameters, feed efficiency and meat quality of birds fed with a diet containing Asian Carp fishmeal is in progress.
Publications
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Fanatico et al., 2017, Potential protein/methionine sources for ecological organic poultry
production: Exploring sustainable fishmeal and invertebrate protein feeds as future resources. eOrganic.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Upadhyaya et al., 2018. Dry extrusion of Asian Carp to supplement natural methionine in organic poultry production. Accepted fro presentation in ICSLPS 2018, 20TH International Conference on Sustainable Livestock production Systems.
|