HORTICULTURE AND HEALTH IN NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1009220
• Project Start Date: Feb 15, 2016
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2020
• Program Code: [(N/A)]- (N/A)

Recipient Organization
NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY
1620 STANDLEY DR ACADEMIC RESH A RM 110
LAS CRUCES,NM 88003-1239

Performing Department
Plant and Environmental Sciences

Non Technical Summary
In a survey of San Juan County farmers and ranchers, the future of agriculture in the county is in doubt and that there is a need for more young farmers to enter the industry if agriculture is to survive in San Juan County(Kramer, 2009). The majority of respondents classified as farmers and market growers, however, expressed that there are opportunities for profitability in the future. Additionally, there exist a high prevalence of diabetes and limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables on the Navajo Nation. The Navajo Nation is a "food desert" because of its lack of access to affordable healthy foods. Consequently the Navajo have low intake of vegetables and fruit who also have high rates of obesity, but the Navajo people are receptive to garden-based wellness interventions proposed. Gardens and small farms that involved growing your own produce were once part of a healthy lifestyle for residents of Northwest NM including Navajo people. With the need to make farm-land in San Juan County more profitable, and the need to increase local consumer access to healthy foods, continued specialty horticultural crop research integrated with the human dimensions of horticulture in northwest NM is needed.

Animal Health Component

100%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

100%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
101	0199	1000	20%
102	0199	1000	20%
502	2230	3100	20%
703	6020	3020	20%
502	1131	3100	20%

Knowledge Area
703 - Nutrition Education and Behavior; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 101 - Appraisal of Soil Resources; 502 - New and Improved Food Products;

Subject Of Investigation
1131 - Wine grapes; 0199 - Soil and land, general; 6020 - The family and its members; 2230 - Hops;

Field Of Science
3020 - Education; 1000 - Biochemistry and biophysics; 3100 - Management;

Keywords

viticulture

specialty crops

navajo health

Goals / Objectives
Objective 1: Specialty Crops: Viticulture, small fruits, medicinal herbs, hops and malting barleyDetermine cultivar adaptability to high pH soil (above 8)Determine over-winter potential for high elevation sites.Determine yields (ton/acre) expressed on a fresh weight and dry weight basis. NMSU-ASC Farmington.Determine fruit chemistry (e.g. % soluble solids and pH).Determine hop cone chemistry (e.g. resins and essential oils).Determine marketing potential (e.g. New Mexico Brewers' perceptions and attitudes of local hops production in New Mexico).Objective 2: Where Horticulture and Health Intersect: a Navajo Wellness CollaborationDevelop a multi-component intervention that integrates community gardens, educational workshops and community outreach components in Navajo communities;Estimate the effects of an integrated intervention on adoption of gardening practices, vegetable and fruit intake; andEstimate the effects of an integrated intervention on self-monitoring, self-efficacy, behavioral capability, and social norms related to gardening and vegetable and fruit consumption.

Project Methods
Materials and Methods 2015-2020:Materials and Methods for Objective 1a (Viticulture):The vineyard consists of 24 rows about 70 m long. Three rows are devoted to table grape evaluations, 15 rows to predominantly non-grafted wine grapes and 6 rows to grafted wine grape evaluations. Cultivars being evaluated are a mixture of V. vinifera and hybrids.Winter injury will be evaluated in the lab and in the field. In the lab, 8 buds per plant from canes collected in February will be examined under a dissecting microscope for visible signs of bud damage.Relative bud break data will be collected in early May using the modified E-L phenology scale (Coombe, 1995).Presence of Fe deficiency will be evaluated using a SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter.In the rootstock trial, because the graft union will be buried every winter to prevent winter kill of the scion, soil temperature at the graft union and ambient temperature at the fruiting wire will be monitored using a Watchdog data logger.Harvest dates will be recorded and yield will be calculated on a ton/acre rate; random samples of fruit clusters will be evaluated for sugar and acid content.Materials and Methods for Objective 1b New Mexico Craft Brewery Inputs (Hops and Malting Barley):Hops Trellis Construction. In 2014, the hops trellis was raised to about 6 m high and expanded to 7 rows about 76 m long. Five rows are devoted to evaluating 9 standard cultivars and several hybrid cultivars of H. lupulus var. neomexicanus. Plots established in 2008 and 2009 were removed from the experimental hop-yard after the detection of Apple mosaic virus and American hop latent virus in rhizomes (Lombard, LaShell, Thomas, French, & Bates, 2014). These two rows are currently under cover crop and will be replanted with new cultivars in 2015. Rhizomes will be started in the San Juan College greenhouse before planting in May 2009 in the following manner: 4 plants will be planted per plot/clone with each plot replicated three times. A nearby weather station will be utilized to collect daily weather data and to schedule irrigations.Prior to planting, soil will be evaluated for pH and nutrient content at the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) Agricultural Testing Lab, Farmington, NM. During the 2015 growing season, plants will be allowed to establish without regard to harvesting cones. Non-destructive foliar measurements using a hand-held Minolta SPAD meter will evaluate leaf greenness to determine nutrient response on elevated soil pH. Cones will be harvested by hand in the fall and analyzed for yield (tons/acre) at the NMSU-ASC Farmington and for resins (α- β- acids) and essential oils (panel of 10 essential oils), and storage stability at Alpha Analytics Lab (Yakima, WA).Malting Barley: 27 cultivars were planted in October 2014 to determine over winter potential. Plots will be harvested summer 2015 and will be evaluated for yield and malting quality (e.g. kernel moisture, carbohydrates, protein, soluble solids, and germination capacity).Economic and marketing potential will continue to examine cost of production, cost of processing, and determine overall market opportunities and constraints.Materials and Methods for Objective 1c (Alternative small fruits, Asian and Native Medicinal Herbs):Lycium chinensis clones were obtained from High Falls Garden, NY in 2009. New accessions were obtained from Double A Vineyards in May 2014. Six cultivars of sweet cherry were planted in 2014 in rows previously under wine grapes.These plots were established under drip irrigation. A nearby weather station will be utilized to collect daily weather data and to schedule irrigations. The trial also contributes to nationwide data generated at replicated sites in New York.Soil will continue to be evaluated for pH and nutrient content at the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry (NAPI) Agricultural Testing Lab, Farmington, NM. Non-destructive foliar measurements using a hand-held Minolta SPAD meter evaluate leaf greenness to determine nutrient response on elevated soil pH. Fruit will be harvested by hand and analyzed for yield (ton/acre) and for sugar and acid content, bioactive chemical constituents (e.g. and flavonoids) and, where applicable, storage stability (e.g. after drying).Materials and Methods for Objective 2 (Where Horticulture and Health Intersect: a Navajo Wellness Collaboration):Work is occurring in Crownpoint (Office of Youth Development) and Shiprock (Shiprock Community Garden) communities. Hatch funds would supplement these gardens plus a third site on the Navajo Nation to be added in 2015.Garden infrastructure supports involve:Fencing.Irrigation install.Some seed and transplants.Some hand tools.At sites in Crownpoint and Shiprock, these infrastructure supports have already been implemented using external funds.To understand perceptions about gardening and health, a combination of qualitative and quantitative survey sampling will involve interview assisted questionnaires and small focus groups will be formed from Navajo participants on and adjacent to the Navajo Nation.A modified 7-item version of the NCI 5 a Day food frequency questionnaire. This questionnaire has been used in multiple studies and has been shown to have good correlation with other measures of fruit and vegetable consumption.Perceptions about gardening will be assessed using modified focus group methods.Working with the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board (IRB)Preliminary work to obtain support and approval of the Navajo communities in which the research will take place is vital, and takes several years. The process involves many steps:Working through planning committees at the Chapter level to get on the agenda, present the research, and obtain a resolution of support either from each relevant Chapter, or from the Agency Council that represents a group of chapters. We have already received supporting chapter resolutions from the Crownpoint and Shiprock communities.For gardening and nutrition, support from the tribe's agricultural programs and from the Navajo Division of Health is needed.For projects that touch upon traditional culture, an Ethnographic Permit is needed from the Historic Preservation Department.The final step is to submit copies of the research proposal to the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board (NNHRRB). Approval has been obtained for 2014 for working in Crownpoint and Shiprock communities.

Progress 02/15/16 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience Small to medium scale agricultural producers in Northwest, NM Navajo Agricultural Products Industry Specialty crop growers (e.g. hops) throughout New Mexico Schools and school systems on the Navajo Nation interested in gardens for health and healthy eating curriculum Policy makers in Northwest NM including the Navajo Nation. Changes/Problems:COVID-19 canceled or moved most face-to-face interactions to virtual format from Feb 2020 to present What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Opportunities to present results at national meetings. Opportunities to mentor undergraduate and graduate students associated with hops project and Gardens for Health project. Students have been from the following institutions: Diné College San Juan College, Farmington, NM Navajo Technical University, Crown Point, NM New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM Opportunities to guest lecture undergraduates at Central New Mexico Community College Beverage Program on four occasions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?10 Community Presentations Shiprock Area Food Access Coalition November Meeting, "Engaging Navajo Elementary Schools in Randomized Controlled Trial of Yéego! Health Eating & Gardening: Three phases of development," (November 17, 2020). Rocky Mountain Public Broadcasting Service Water Week, "Hops Updates," Rocky Mountain Public Broadcasting Service, Durango, CO. (February 28, 2020). Agri-Brew Roundtable, "Hops Updates," New Mexico Hops Coalition, Albuquerque, NM. (February 20, 2020). Hoptoberfest, "Hops Research at NMSU ASC Farmington," New Mexico Hops Coalition, Santa Fe, NM. (October 12, 2019). Nenahnezad Harvest Festival, "Alternative Gardening-Hoop Houses," Nenahnezad Chapter House, Navajo Nation, Nenahnezad Chapter House, Navajo Nation. (September 13, 2019). Northwest New Mexico Local Food Summit, "Exhibit of the research at the NMSU Ag Science Center at Farmington," NMSU CES San Juan County, Farmington. (August 8, 2019). 2019 Dine' Food Sovereignty Conference, "Yéego Gardening!: Results from a Pilot Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation," Tsaile. AZ. (March 27, 2019). New Mexico Organic Farming Conference, "Trellising," Albuquerque, NM. (February 17, 2017). 3rd What's Hop'n-Winter Workshop, "Equipment for Hops Production," Durango, CO. (March 12, 2016). Four Corners Specialty Crops Symposium, "Overview of Plant Propagation," Farmington, NM. (March 10, 2016). 12 Demonstrations and Field Days: NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington Virtual Field Day. (September 11, 2020). Organic Conference, "Hops and Hops Harvester Demonstration," Albuquerque, NM. (February 21, 2020). Museum EdVenture: Wine Making in the Four Corners, "NMSU-ASC Farmington Experimental Vineyard Tour and Demonstration," (August 24, 2019). NM Organic Conference, "Hops and Hops Harvester Demonstration," (February 23, 2019). Agri-Brew Roundtable, "Hops and Hops Harvester Demonstration," Albuquerque, NM. (February 22, 2019). Hops Harvester Demonstration at Steam Works Brewery, "Hops Harvester Demonstration, Durango, CO. (August 27, 2018). NMSU-Artesia Field Day, "Hops Harvester Demonstration," Artesia, NM. (August 23, 2018). "Hops Harvester Demonstration," Alcalde, NM. (August 10, 2018). "Hops harvester demonstration and variety trial tour," Hesperus, CO. (July 20, 2018). 4th What's Hop'n-Winter Workshop, "Mobile Hops Harvester for 4-Corners," Bayfield, CO. (March 25, 2017). NMSU College of Agriculture Open House, "Hops Harvester Demonstration," Las Cruces. (April 14, 2018). Agri-Brew Roundtable, "Hops and Hops Harvester Demonstration," Albuquerque, NM. (February 24, 2018). Policy and Professionals Testimonies and Meetings Health, Education and Human Services Committee of the 24th Council of the Navajo Nation Special Session, "Gold King Mine Spill of 2015 Update and Yeego Gardening Project Update," 24th Council of the Navajo Nation, Shiprock, NM, Navajo Nation. (February 24, 2020). 24th Council of the Navajo Nation Special Session Hearings, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony," 24th Council of the Navajo Nation, Navajo Nation Council Chambers, Window Rock, Navajo Nation. (January 2020). Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board 2019 Conference, "Engaging Navajo Elementary Schools in Randomized Controlled Trial of Yéego! Health Eating & Gardening: Three phases of development," Window Rock, Navajo Nation. (October 16, 2019). 24th Council of the Navajo Nation Special Session Hearings, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony," Navajo Nation Council Chambers, Window Rock, (June 5, 2019). Naabik'iyati' Committee (NABI Committee) Hearings, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony," Navajo Nation Council Chambers, Window Rock, Navajo Nation. (May 28, 2019). Navajo Nation Resources and Development Committee (RDC) Hearings, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony," Navajo Nation Resources and Development Committee (RDC), Mariano Lake Chapter House, (May 22, 2019). Upper Fruitland Chapter House, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony," (April 21, 2019). Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board 2017 Conference, "Yéego Gardening!: Results from a Pilot Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation Where health and horticulture intersect: A Navajo Wellness Collaboration Pilot (Yéego Gardening!)," Window Rock, Navajo Nation. (October 18, 2017). Master Brewers Association of the Americas, Rocky Mountain District Annual Meeting, "New Mexico State University Winter Malted Barley Trial," Albuquerque, NM. (August 18, 2017). Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board 2015 Conference, "An Intervention to Promote Navajo Gardening, Nutrition and Community Wellness," Window Rock, AZ. (October 21, 2015). Scientific Community Presentations NMSU Research and Creativity Week, "Engaging School and Family in Navajo Gardening for Health," New Mexico State University, (November 10, 2020). SSSA Annual Meetings, "Pivoting from Face-to-Face Outreach to Digital in the Face of COVID-19 to Disseminate Garden-Based Information on the Navajo Nation," (November 9, 2020). American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, "Navajo Agricultural Products Industry-New Mexico State University Memorandum of Understanding - Hemp Pilot Project 2019 (Year 1)," Virtual (originally in Orlando, FL). (August 9, 2020). AICHE Annual Meeting, "Characterization of New Hop Varieties and Beers in Support of New Mexico Craft Brewing Industry," American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Orlando, FL. (November 13, 2019). American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, "Engaging School and Family in Navajo Gardening for Health," Las Vegas, NV. (July 25, 2019). American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, "Field Evaluation of Solanum Jamesii : a Native USA Wild Potato," American Society for Horticultural Sciences, Las Vegas, NV. (July 25, 2019). American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, "Phytochemical Characterization of Native Hops (Humulus lupulus neomexicanus)," Las Vegas, NV. (July 25, 2019). 69th Annual Meeting, ASEV, "Rootstock Influence on Scion Mortality, Performance and Berry Composition in The Four Corners Region of New Mexico.," American Society of Enology and viticulture, Monterrey, CA. (June 2018). American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo, "Yéego Gardening!: Results from a Pilot Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation," , Atlanta, GA. (November 7, 2017). Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America International Annual Meeting, "From China to New Mexico: Assessing Goji Berry qualities for Southwestern medicinal herb production.," Phoenix, AZ. (November 9, 2016). 12th Annual First Americans Land-grant Consortium (FALCON) National Conference, "An Intervention to Promote Navajo Gardening, Nutrition, and Community Wellness," USDA/NIFA, Albuquerque, NM. (November 5, 2016). Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board 2015 Conference, "Where Health and Horticulture Intersect: A Navajo Wellness Collaboration," Window Rock, AZ. (October 21, 2015). (2015). Where Health and Horticulture Intersect: A Navajo Wellness Collaboration (9th ed., vol. S 50, pp. S360). Alexander, VA: HortScience. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Write final reports for hops and viticulture (specifically Table Grapes). Add new specialty crop trials including Jujube, peach and apple, and new hops trial. Replicate new hops trial in Albuquerque with community partners at Los Ranchos AgriNature Center. Expand Hops small-scale picker lease program/relocate one hops picker to Albuquerque Submit a new 5-year Hatch proposal 2021-2026. Objective 1 is expected to continue with the addition of other specialty crops that may be added, primarily woody perennial crops and agrofroestry. Expand Objective 2, especially to formalize curriculum with extension personnel across the Navajo Nation

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Field evaluations of grapes, hops, and medicinal herbs at the ASC Farmington. Establishment of a second hops trial in Las Cruces, NM. Facilitation of the emerging New Mexico Hops Growers Association. Sponsored Research, "Internal Award - Demonstrating Specialty Hops (Humulus lupulus L. and H. Lupulus var. neomexicanus) and Harvest Tools for Expanding Production in New Mexico", Total Award: $60,000.00, Current Status: Funded. (September 30, 2015 - September 29, 2018). "Potato USA Award to NMSU-ASC Farmington," Sponsored by Potatoes USA, Other, $22,845.00. (July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019). Objective 2: Three community/school garden sites in Navajo communities: Have utilized project to leverage the following award: Sponsored Research, "Internal Award - Yr 9 PACR-P6 Gardening for Health", Total Award: $86,529.00, Lombard, K. A. (Principal), "Internal Award - PACR Yeego3 Healthy Eating & Garden," $129,036.00. (September 1, 2018 - August 31, 2020). Lombard, K. A. (Principal), "Promoting and Maintaining Household Gardens for Healthy Eating for Navajo Families," Sponsored by Diné College, $33,018.00. (September 1, 2017 - August 31, 2019). Lombard, K. A. (Principal), "An Intervention to Promote Navajo Gardening, Nutrition and Community Wellness," Sponsored by Diné College, $35,766.36. (December 1, 2014 - November 30, 2017).

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Francis, B. (Presenter), Lombard, K. A. (Presenter), Beresford, S. A.A., Ornelas, I., Bishop, S., Deschenie, D., NMSU Research and Creativity Week, "Engaging School and Family in Navajo Gardening for Health," New Mexico State University, Virtual (Originally Las Cruces, NM). (November 10, 2020).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lombard, K. A. (Presenter), Francis, B. J. (Presenter), SSSA Annual Meetings, "Pivoting from Face-to-Face Outreach to Digital in the Face of COVID-19 to Disseminate Garden-Based Information on the Navajo Nation," NMSU ASC Farmington, Virtual. (November 9, 2020).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lombard, K. A. (Presenter), Thomas, F. J., Haskie, L., Holguin, F. O., Goldberg, N. P., American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, "Navajo Agricultural Products Industry-New Mexico State University Memorandum of Understanding  Hemp Pilot Project 2019 (Year 1)," American Society for Horticultural Sciences, Virtual (originally in Orlando, FL). (August 9, 2020).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Brewer, C. E. (Presenter), Rheay, H., Usrey, J., Taylor, S., Lombard, K. A., AICHE Annual Meeting, "Characterization of New Hop Varieties and Beers in Support of New Mexico Craft Brewing Industry," American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Orlando, FL. (November 13, 2019).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rheay, H., Lombard, K. A., Brewer, C. E., Holguin, F. O. (2020). Phytochemical Characterization of Native New Mexico Hops. HortTechnology(On-line first),
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bamberg, J., Lombard, K. A., Palta, J. P., Workmaster, B. A., Atucha, A. (2020). Survival of Solanum jamesii Tubers at Freezing Temperatures. To appear in American Journal of Potato Research.

Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:In a survey of San Juan County farmers and ranchers, the future of agriculture in the county is in doubt and that there is a needfor more young farmers to enter the industry if agriculture is to survive in San Juan County(Kramer, 2009). The majority ofrespondents classified as farmers and market growers, however, expressed that there are opportunities for profitability in thefuture. Additionally, there exist a high prevalence of diabetes and limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables on the NavajoNation. The Navajo Nation is a "food desert" because of its lack of access to affordable healthy foods. Consequently the Navajohave low intake of vegetables and fruit who also have high rates of obesity, but the Navajo people are receptive to garden-based wellness interventions proposed. Gardens and small farms that involved growing your own produce were once part of ahealthy lifestyle for residents of Northwest NM including Navajo people. With the need to make farm-land in San Juan Countymore profitable, and the need to increase local consumer access to healthy foods, continued specialty horticultural cropresearch integrated with the human dimensions of horticulture in northwest NM is needed. Changes/Problems:Hiring staff for Objective 2. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Undergraduate (3) and graduate student training (1; resulting in thesis). Opportunities for staff (2 to present at scientific conferances and community workshops). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Lombard, K. A., NAPI 2019 Customer Appreciation, NAPI, Farmington, "Exhibit of the research at the NMSU Ag Science Center at Farmington", Scope: Local, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (November 3, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Hoptoberfest, New Mexico Hops Coalition, Santa Fe, NM, "Hops Research at NMSU ASC Farmington", Scope: State, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (October 12, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Nenahnezad Harvest Festival, Nenahnezad Chapter House, Navajo Nation, Nenahnezad Chapter House, Navajo Nation, "Alternative Gardening-Hoop Houses", Scope: Local, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (September 13, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Museum EdVenture: Wine Making in the Four Corners, Farmington Museum, Area vineyards including the NMSU-ASC Farmington Experimental Vineyard, "NMSU-ASC Farmington Experimental Vineyard Tour and Demonstration", Scope: Local, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (August 24, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Northwest New Mexico Local Food Summit, NMSU CES San Juan County, Farmington, "Exhibit of the research at the NMSU Ag Science Center at Farmington", Scope: Local, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (August 8, 2019). Item applies to Promotion and Tenure criteria: Extension, Outreach, Scholarship and Creative Activity. Lombard, K. A., 24th Council of the Navajo Nation Special Session Hearings, 24th Council of the Navajo Nation, Navajo Nation Council Chambers, Window Rock, Navajo Nation, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony", Scope: National, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (June 5, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Naabik'iyati' Committee (NABI Committee) Hearings, Naabik'iyati' Committee (NABI Committee), Navajo Nation Council Chambers, Window Rock, Navajo Nation, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony", Scope: National, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (May 28, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Navajo Nation Resources and Development Committee (RDC) Hearings, Navajo Nation Resources and Development Committee (RDC), Mariano Lake Chapter House, Navajo Nation, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony", Scope: National, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (May 22, 2019). Lombard, K. A., Upper Fruitland Chapter House, Upper Fruitland Chapter House, Navajo Nation, Upper Fruitland Chapter House, Navajo Nation, "NMSU Hemp Pilot Project testimony", Scope: National, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (April 21, 2019). Lombard, K. A., NM Organic Conference, New Mexico Department of Agriculture, Albuquerque, NM, "Hops and Hops Harvester Demonstration", Scope: State, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (February 23, 2019). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1: Publish results from Grape Rootstock trial, Hops trials as final reports (peer reviewed). Expand hemp evaluations with collaborators; help inform public policy. Expand Chinese medicinal herb work. Leverage data for external funding. Objective 2: Publish pilot studies including school curriculum (peer review). Help inform public policy. Leverage data for external funding.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Ten years of evaluations on some grape cultivars now gaining insight on recomendations to NW New Mexico farmers. Rootstock trial terminated. Data being analyzed. Recomendations to hop growers to incorporate hops production with nano brewing. One craft brewery now taking this approach. Others following. Grassroots emergance of New Mexico Hops Growers Association. NMSU assisting in agronomic and post harvest processing thtough new collaborations with NMSBrew (College of Engineering Catie Brewer). First industrial hemp trial established at ASC Farmignton and NMSU system-wide. Permitted hemp trial on the Navajo Nation. Assisted in developing NMSU faculty research guidelines. Hatch projects continue to leverage external funds from NMDA Block grants. Objective 2: Revision of school curriculum based on pilot project results. Project expansion and evaluation to 2 elementary schools on the Navajo Nation. Four more schools recruited for 2020. Data analysis ongoing for pilot projects. Oversight (and presentations) being given to Navajo Nation policy. Hatch projects continue to leverage external funds from NIH/NCI grants.

Publications

• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pearson, B. J., Lombard, K. A., Colonna, A., Kjelgren, R. (2019). 7 Myths, Realities, Successes, and Challenges for Florida Hops. Florida: Growing Produce.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lombard, K. A., Beresford, S. A.A., Ornelas, I. J., Bauer, M., Garrity, G., Deschenie, D., Francis, B., Bishop, S., Brown, E., Nez, F., Etsitty, A., Garcia, L., Rillamas-Sun, E., Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board 2019 Conference, Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board, Window Rock, Navajo Nation, "Engaging Navajo Elementary Schools in Randomized Controlled Trial of Y�ego! Health Eating & Gardening: Three phases of development", Scope: Regional, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (October 16, 2019).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Francis, B. (Presenter), Lombard, K. A., Beresford, S. A.A., Ornelas, I., Bishop, S., Deschenie, D., American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, American Society for Horticultural Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, "Engaging School and Family in Navajo Gardening for Health", Scope: International, published in proceedings, Invited or Accepted? Accepted. (July 25, 2019).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lombard, K. A., Bamburg, J., Del Rio, A., Fernandez, C., Louderback, L., Pavlik, B., Kinder, D., American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, American Society for Horticultural Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, "Field Evaluation of Solanum Jamesii: a Native USA Wild Potato", Scope: International, published in proceedings, Invited or Accepted? Accepted. (July 25, 2019).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Rheay, H. (Presenter), Lombard, K. A., Brewer, C. E., American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting, American Society for Horticultural Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, "Phytochemical Characterization of Native Hops (Humulus lupulus neomexicanus)", Scope: International, published in proceedings, Invited or Accepted? Accepted. (July 25, 2019).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lombard, K. A., 2019 Dine' Food Sovereignty Conference, Dine College, Tsaile. AZ, "Y�ego Gardening!: Results from a Pilot Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation", Scope: Local, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (March 27, 2019).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2019 Citation: Lombard, K. A., Agri-Brew Roundtable, New Mexico Hops Coalition, Albuquerque, NM, "Hops and Hops Harvester Demonstration", Scope: State, Invited or Accepted? Invited. (February 22, 2019).

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One undergraduate student from the Navajo Nation recieved training in horticulture practices and has now transfered to complete a four year BSc degree in Horticulture on the NMSU main-campus. One technician recieved an alternative liscence to teach elementary school and is now teaching 4th graders and has included a school garden in the classroom. One graduate student recieved training in hop cone chemistry analysis from Barth-Haas coorporate headquarters in Yakima WA, Dec 2018. One technician recieved and maintained a NM Pesticide Applicators liscence. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?OBJECTIVE 1: Viticulture: Two workshops (pruning in the spring) and post-harvest (summer) were conducted in 2018. Hops: Six workshops/demonstrations were conducted accross the state in 2018 and are documented earlier in this report. The NMSU-ASC Farmington held its field day July 13 to cover all plot work to over 300 participants including the president and vice president of the Navajo Nation. OBJECTIVE 2: Several community events were tied to our school garden pilot project in 2018 that took place at health fairs, chapter houses, and other public venues including the Northern Navajo Nation Fair. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are seeking additional funding sources for all projects. We are hoping to have a final report on the grape trials and partial final report for the hops in order to publish results in NMSU branded extension reports.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? OBJECTIVE 1: All specialty crop plots are currently in various report writing stages.Briefly: Viticulture: We have identifies that hybrid grapes out-perform Vitis vinifera grapes at high elevation and high pH soils. It is presently my recomendation that if growers want to plant grapes in the Four Corners Region, that there is less risk in planting hybrid grape cultivars. The focus should now shift to marketing related research. A rootstock trial is being critically evaluated now with the help of our new state extension viticulturist. We will collect one more growing year (2019) worth of data. We are planning a new table grape study for 2019. Hops: In Farmington, we are needing to evaluate best management practices but we feel that we have the capability of achieving comparable yields to the mid western U.S. growing region. Neomexicanus hops are gaining interest among craft brewers and the NM craft brewing industy continues to expand. Several small-scale hops producers have organized in the middle Rio Grande Valley of NM into the NM Hops Growers Association. We are still recommending to growers that caution be taken, especially at lower latititudes below northern New Mexico due to photoperiod sensisitivity and heat. We are writing a comprehinsive report on the two active studies and have two additional rows in the experimental hop yard that we would like to expand into for new trials. OBJECTIVE 2: We are writing results from a recently completed NIH funded school-based garden project. Engaging School and Family in Navajo Gardening for Health. We have leveraged this project to recieve an additional 3 years funding to scale up to 6 schools in a randomized controlled study in two Navajo agencies.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ornelas I, *K. Osterbauer, *L. Woo, S. Bishop, D. Deschenie, S.A.A. Beresford, and K.A. Lombard. 2018. Gardening for health: Patterns of gardening and fruit and vegetable consumption among Navajo. Journal of Community Health. 43(6) 1053-1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-0521-1
• Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2018 Citation: Giese, W. G., Lombard, K. A. In Frank Sholedice, Ana Henke (Ed.), Grape Varieties for North-Central New Mexico (ed., pp. nine). Las Cruces, New Mexico: COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL, CONSUMER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Giese, W. G. (Presenter), Lombard, K. A. (Other), Velasco-Cruz, C. (Other), Leonardelli, M. (Other), 69th Annual Meeting, ASEV, American Society of Enology and viticulture, Monterrey, CA, "Rootstock Influence on Scion Mortality, Performance and Berry Composition in The Four Corners Region of New Mexico.", Scope: International, Invited or Accepted? Accepted. (June 2018).

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:In this proposal, specialty horticultural crop research is divided among three main themes: 1) viticulture, 2) hops production,and 3) Asian and Native medicinal herbs. All themes have regional market potential. Fundamental research in establishing cold tolerance, adaptability to calcareous soils, cropping suitability under drip irrigation in a region of low annual precipitation,and development of whole system approaches such as the certified sustainable production systems, unites all themes. An additional theme for which Hatch funds are being sought centers around the human dimensions of horticulture and the need to incorporate small scale-systems of fruit and vegetable production into diabetes and cancer intervention strategies on the Navajo Nation. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?OBJECTIVE 1: Specialty Crops: Viticulture, small fruits, medicinal herbs, hops and malting barley Hops Project: Training and Proffesional Development: Support staff mentored farmers on the use of a mechanical hops picker. Support staff also assisted in delivering content at several workshops conduceted in 2017. Objective 2: Where Horticulture and Health Intersect: a Navajo Wellness Collaboration Training and Proffesional Development: Support staff are participating in international conferences and writing results. Support staff also assisted in delivering content at several workshops conduceted in 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?OBJECTIVE 1: Specialty Crops: Viticulture, small fruits, medicinal herbs, hops and malting barley Hops Project: Old Fort at Hesperus, CO:Open house July 20, 2017: Demonstration of hops harvester Lombard, K. A. and F.J. Thomas. Mobile Hops Harvester Demonstration. 2017. Steamworks Brewery. August 24, 2017. Durango, Colorado. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJwDTk4Xxcs F.J. Thomas. 2017. Mobile Hops Harvester Demonstration. 2017. Red Hat Hops Farm Open House. September 24, 2017. Los Ranchos, New Mexico. Objective 2: Where Horticulture and Health Intersect: a Navajo Wellness Collaboration Several community events and health fairs in chapter houses. Quarterly reports to Navajo Nation Division of Health. Annual presentation to Navajo Nation health workers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?OBJECTIVE 1: Specialty Crops: Viticulture, small fruits, medicinal herbs, hops and malting barley Establish framework for hops harvest cooperative among NM and southern CO growers. OBJECTIVE 2: Where Horticulture and Health Intersect: a Navajo Wellness Collaboration Utilize results to scale-up a randomized controlled trial and several schools accross the Navajo Nation. One proposal submitted Jan 2018 to support this objective.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? OBJECTIVE 1: Specialty Crops: Viticulture, small fruits, medicinal herbs, hops and malting barley Determine cultivar adaptability to high pH soil (above 8) Determine over-winter potential for high elevation sites: Hops reliably overwinter in northwest NM at an elevation of 5,600 ft. Determine yields (lbs/acre) expressed on a fresh weight and dry weight basis. NMSU-ASC Farmington: On a 3 ft plant spacing with 12 ft between rows, in 2017, Cascade produced the greatest yields among American industry standard cultivars at 3,080 lbs/acre. Two neomexicanus cultivars Amalia and Multihead bred by Todd Bates produced 3,393 and 3,176 lbs/acre respectively. Determine fruit chemistry (e.g. % soluble solids and pH). Determine hop cone chemistry (e.g. resins and essential oils). Brewers can expext slightly higher alpha acids for comparitive hops reported for the Pacific Northwest.Neomexicanus hops have virtually no alpha acidswhen compared to standard industry cultivars, but have complex essential oil profiles. Determine marketing potential (e.g. New Mexico Brewers' perceptions and attitudes of local hops production in New Mexico). Ongoing Hops Project: The main accomplishment was the aquisition of two mechanical hop harvesters (Hopster 5P and Hopster 5G: http://hopsharvester.com/). Hatch project sucessfully leveraged funding through New Mexico Department of Agriculture Speacialty Crop Block Grant. 2017 was the first year NMSU-ASC Farmington harvested hops mechanically. Five workshops/demonstrations were leveraged with the hops picker. Lombard, K.A. 2017. Trellising. New Mexico Organic Farming Conference. February 17-18, 2017. Albuquerque, NM. Lombard, K. A. and F.J. Thomas, F. 2017. Mobile Hops Harvester for 4-Corners. 2017. 4th What's Hop'n-Winter Workshop. March 25, 2017. Bayfield CO. Old Fort at Hesperus, CO:Open house July 20, 2017: Demonstration of hops harvester Lombard, K. A. and F.J. Thomas. Mobile Hops Harvester Demonstration. 2017. Steamworks Brewery. August 24, 2017. Durango, Colorado. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJwDTk4Xxcs F.J. Thomas. 2017. Mobile Hops Harvester Demonstration. 2017. Red Hat Hops Farm Open House. September 24, 2017. Los Ranchos, New Mexico. Hop cone chemsitry continues to be evaluated after harvest. Viticulture: Plots continue to be measured annually for yield, berry sugar content (Brix) and pH. The new state viticulturist, who started Sept 1 2017, is assisting with the rootstock trial long-term monitoring report expected to be released 2018. No formal presentations were made in 2017. Farmington-based grape growers attended individualized tours of the grape plots. Efforts were made to Malted Barley Project: While not part of this Hatch Grant, brewers are requesting more data on malted barley, as it relates to hops. NMSU-ASC participated in the 2016-2017 U.S. Winter Malted Barley Trial administered by University of Minnisota. The 30 entry trial was replicated three times for a total of 90 small plots. 18 surounding acres were planted in 4 cultivars in 5 acre strips. Harvest occured around July 2017 and yield and post-harvest chemistry were promising. The trial is being replicated for the 2017-2018 growing season. Plots were planted the first week of October 2017 for a harvest during the summer 2018. One invited formal presentation was made: Lombard, K.A. and F.J. Thomas. 2017. New Mexico State University Winter Malted Barley Trial. Master Brewers Association of the Americas, Rocky Mountain District Annual Meeting. August 18, 2017. Albuquerque, NM. OBJECTIVE 2: Where Horticulture and Health Intersect: a Navajo Wellness Collaboration Develop a multi-component intervention that integrates community gardens, educational workshops and community outreach components in Navajo communities; Estimate the effects of an integrated intervention on adoption of gardening practices, vegetable and fruit intake; and Estimate the effects of an integrated intervention on self-monitoring, self-efficacy, behavioral capability, and social norms related to gardening and vegetable and fruit consumption. One charter school is pilot testing the curriculum developed with our collaborators from the Fred Hutch. This Hatch objective is being used to leverage external funds. Data is shared annually with the Navajo Nation government.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ornelas I, Deschenie D, Bishop S, Lombard K.A., Beresford SA. 2017. Y�ego Gardening!: A Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation. Progress in Community Health Partnerships. 11(4).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lombard, K.A., I.J. Ornelas, D. Deschenie, S. Bishop, S. A. A. Beresford. 2017. Y�ego Gardening!: Results from a Pilot Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation. American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Expo. Atlanta, GA. November 4-8, 2017.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Jha, G., A.L. Ulery, K.A. Lombard, D.C. Weindorf, S. Fullen, and B. Francis. 2017. Metal Concentration in Agricultural Fields Downstream from the Gold King Mine Spill (2015). Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America International Annual Meeting. October 23, 2017. Tampa, FL.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Jha, G., A. Ulery, K.A. Lombard, B. Francis, B. Hunter, H. Winsor. 2017. Metal Concentrations in Soil and Sediments after Gold King Mine Spill. 2nd Annual Conference on Environmental Conditions of the Animas and San Juan Watersheds with Emphasis on Gold King Mine and Other Mine Waste Issues. Water Resources Research Institute. Farmington, NM. June 20-22, 2017.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Fullen, S., K.A. Lombard, A. Ulery, B. Hunter, G. Jha, and B. Francis. 2017. Lead and Arsenic Concentrations in the Lower Animas Irrigation Ditch Sediments. 2nd Annual Conference on Environmental Conditions of the Animas and San Juan Watersheds with Emphasis on Gold King Mine and Other Mine Waste Issues. Water Resources Research Institute. Farmington, NM. June 20-22, 2017.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lombard, K.A., D. Deschenie, I. Ornelas, S. Bishop, S.A.A. Beresford. 2017. Where health and horticulture intersect: A Navajo Wellness Collaboration Pilot (Y�ego Gardening!). Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board 2017 Conference. October 18-19, 2017, Window Rock, Arizona.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lombard, K.A. and F.J. Thomas. 2017. New Mexico State University Winter Malted Barley Trial. Master Brewers Association of the Americas, Rocky Mountain District Annual Meeting. August 18, 2017. Albuquerque, NM.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lombard, K.A., S. Fullen, A. Ulery, B. Hunter, D. VanLeeuwen, G. Jha, B. Francis. 2017. What are the effects of the Gold King Mine Spill on San Juan County, NM agricultural irrigation ditches and farms? University Council on Water Resources/The National Institutes for Water Resources (UCOWR/NIWR) 2017 Annual Conference. June 13-15, 2017. Fort Collins, CO.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lombard, K. A. and F.J. Thomas, F. 2017. Mobile Hops Harvester for 4-Corners. 2017. 4th Whats Hopn-Winter Workshop. March 25, 2017. Bayfield CO.
• Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Lombard, K.A. 2017. Trellising. New Mexico Organic Farming Conference. February 17-18, 2017. Albuquerque, NM.

Progress 02/15/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:In this proposal, specialty horticultural crop research is divided among three main themes: 1) viticulture, 2) hops production, and 3) Asian and Native medicinal herbs. All themes have regional market potential. Fundamental research in establishing cold tolerance, adaptability to calcareous soils, cropping suitability under drip irrigation in a region of low annual precipitation, and development of whole system approaches such as the certified sustainable production systems, unites all themes. An additional theme for which Hatch funds are being sought centers around the human dimensions of horticulture and the need to incorporate small scale-systems of fruit and vegetable production into diabetes and cancer intervention strategies on the Navajo Nation. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Opportunities to present results at national meetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? 1 Field day. 1 workshop on hops. 1 workshop on specialty crop propagation. Several community events on the Navajo Nation What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continued evaluations of field trials Continued work in Navajo communities

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? OBJECTIVE 1: Continued field evaluations of grapes, hops, and medicinal herbs at the ASC Farmington. Establishment of a second hops trial in Las Cruces, NM. Have utilized project to leverage the following award to purchase two mechanical hop pickers: Lombard, K. A. (Principal), Sponsored Research, "Internal Award - Demonstrating Specialty Hops (Humulus lupulus L. and H. Lupulus var. neomexicanus) and Harvest Tools for Expanding Production in New Mexico", Sponsoring Organization Is: Other, Research Credit: $60,000.00, PI Total Award: $60,000.00, Current Status: Funded. (September 30, 2015 - September 29, 2018). OBJECTIVE 2: Three community/school garden sites in three Navajo communities: Have utilized project to leverage the following award: Lombard, K. A. (Principal), Sponsored Research, "Internal Award - Yr 9 PACR-P6 Gardening for Health", Sponsoring Organization Is: Other, Research Credit: $86,529.00, PI Total Award: $86,529.00, Current Status: Funded. (September 1, 2016 - August 31, 2017).

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ornelas, I., Deschenie, D., Bishop, S., Lombard, K. A., Beresford, S. A.A. Y�ego Gardening!: A Community Garden Intervention to Promote Health on the Navajo Nation. Progress for Community Health Nutrition., Date Submitted: December 22, 2016.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Woo, M. Y., Ornelas, I., Bishop, S., Deschenie, D., Beresford, S. A.A., Lombard, K. A. Gardening for Health: Patterns of Gardening and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on the Navajo Nation. Public Health Nutrition., Date Submitted: December 22, 2016.