Progress 09/04/18 to 02/25/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are fellow research scientists, extension professionals, and commercial apple growers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?At an annual conference with collaborators/fellow scientists, and during communications with commercial tree fruit growers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The 2019 apple rootstock trial. For 2020, trunk cross-sectional area at 30 cm above the graft union (TCSA), yield, and yield efficiency were both statistically different among the seven rootstocks (Table 3). G.814, G.969, and IFO #2, were the largest trees in terms of TCSA and were significantly different from B.10, M.9 NAKBT337, and G.41, the smallest trees in terms of TCSA. M.26 EMLA was not significantly different from either the largest or smallest trees but fell in about the middle of the range of tree size for the rootstocks in this trial. The average weight per fruit, number flower clusters per tree, and the number of root suckers per tree did not vary significantly among the 5 rootstocks. Trees on G.41 produced significantly more fruit than those on G.814, but not more than for any of the other rootstocks. G.41 was significantly more yield efficient than any of the other rootstocks in this trial. Yield efficiency is a measure of the amount of fruit that a tree produces relative to the amount of vegetative growth it has. This was the first year that these trees were fruited, and the plan is for this trial to be evaluated for at least several more years.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Sarker, Babul C.; ; Archbold, Douglas D.; Geneve, Robert L.; Kester, Sharon T. Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants. HORTICULTURAE. 6(3):51. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6030051
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Progress 09/04/18 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences are fellow research scientists, extension professionals, and commercial apple growers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?At an annual conference with collaborators/fellow scientists, and during visits by commercial tree fruit growers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue with the same activities as in the current year.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
2009 PEACH ROOTSTOCK TRIAL Mortality, Julian date of 90 percent bloom, cumulative yield from 2011 through 2017, 2017 yield, number of root suckers, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), cumulative yield efficiency, and tree height variedsignificantly among the fourteen rootstocks in this trial. Krymsk1 and Bright's Hybrid have had the highest mortality rates, 75 percent and 50 percent, respectively. Krymsk 1 was the earliest to bloom. Time of bloom did not differ significantly among the other thirteen rootstocks. Time of fruit ripening (or 10% fruit maturity) also did not differ significantly among the fourteen rootstocks. Microbac and Guardian have produced the largest trees (TCSA) to date, but they are not statistically different in size from Viking, Lovell, KV010-127, or Krymsk 86. Scions on Krymsk 1 are the smallest trees in terms of both TCSA and tree height. Yield per tree was greatest for Atlas and Lovell, but this was not significantly different from Guardian, Bright's Hybrid, Viking, or KV010-127. Cumulative yield from 2011 through 2017 was greatest for Atlas, but this was not significantly different from that of Lovell, Guardian, KV010-123, Viking, or KV010- 127. Atlas had the highest cumulative yield efficiency, but this was not significantly different from Lovell or KV010-127. P. americana and Microbac had significantly more root suckers than the other rootstocks. Average fruit size was largest from scions on Krymsk 86, but this was not significantly larger than any of the fruit from the other scions, except for HBOK 32, and Viking. To date, none of the rootstocks in this trial have surpassed the industry standards of Lovell or Guardian with regards to overall performance. 2010 APPLE ROOTSTOCK TRIAL In 2012, a tree with G.11 as the rootstock was lost due to deer damage, a tree on B.9 broke at the graft union, and two trees with M.9 NAKBT337 were lost, possibly from winter injury. Three trees (one M.9 Pajam2 and two B.71-7-22) succumbed to fire blight infections in 2013, and seventeen trees succumbed in 2014 to fire blight (including two B.64-194, five M.26 EMLA, two Supporter 3, one PiAu51-11, four M.9 NAKBT337, and three M.9 Pajam2). In 2015, a tree on G.935 N broke at the graft union, and three trees succumbed to winter injury (two B.70-20-20 and one M.9 Pajam2). In 2016, one tree on B.10, one on CG.2034, and one on M.26 EMLA, broke at their graft unions. One tree on B.71- 7-22 was lost to fire blight. In 2017, five more trees were lost, one on G.935 TC (winter injury), two on M.9 NAKBT337 (fire blight), one on B.67-5- 32 (broke at graft union), and one on Supporter 3 (fire blight). As reported previously (4), NC-140 cooperators agreed to discontinue the evaluation of B.70-20-20 as it has proven to produce trees too large for high density plantings. Consequently, this rootstock was removed from this trial in January 2016. Mortality, cumulative yield from 2012 through 2017, yield per tree for 2017, average weight per fruit, TCSA, cumulative yield efficiency, and tree height varied significantly among the 31 rootstocks. M.9 NAKBT337 had the highest tree mortality (67%), but this was not significantly different from Supp. 3, M.9 Pajam2, M.26 EMLA, CG.2034, B.71-7-22, or B.64-194. PiAu.9-90 rootstocks produced the largest trees in terms of TCSA, but they were not significantly larger than trees on B.70- 6-8 or B.7-3-150. Similarly, B.71-7-22 produced the smallest trees, but they were not significantly smaller than trees on B.9, B.7-20-21, CG.2034, CG.4003, or G.41N. Yield in 2017 was greatest for G.935N, but this not significantly different from G.41 TC, CG.4013, Supp.3, CG.4004, or CG.5087. CG.4004 trees have produced the most fruit in this trial (total of all harvests from 2012 through 2017, or cumulative yield), but not significantly more so than for trees on G.935N, CG.4814, CG.5222, CG.5087, B.7-3-150, G.202N, G.202TC, G.41N. Fruit size (as measured by average fruit weight) ranged from 6.8 ounces for M.26 EMLA down to 4.4 ounces for B.7-20-21. The number of root suckers ranged from over 10 suckers for PiAu.9-90 to none for B.70-6-8, G.11, and M.26EMLA. B.9 had the highest cumulative yield efficiency, but it was not significantly different from G.41N, CG.4004, B.71-7-22, CG.4003, G.935N, CG.5087, M.9 NAKBT337, CG.4013, G.41TC, B.10, or G.202TC. The three Malling rootstocks in this trial are typically considered to be industry standards throughout many apple producing regions but have had survival rates of less than 50 percent due to their susceptibility to fire blight. Further, a number of other rootstocks in this trial are proving to be too vigorous for the tall spindle system, and some not vigorous enough. To date, any recommendations based on this data with regards to apple rootstock choices would at best be tentative.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Wolfe, D., Archbold, D., Johnston, J., and Travis, G. Rootstock Effects on Apple and Peach Tree Growth and Yield. Fruit
and Vegetable Report 2017 Annual Research Report. pp. 16-19.
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